Analysis Of The Poem Lullaby - 2626 Words

Lullaby The Tone Lullaby is a love story with a personal and universal touch. The author tells of his love with his special someone, sleeping gentle in his arms. The writer reflects on a moment in time, the feeling for romance, and the childhood years. Then in a twinkle the author thinks of how time can have an impact on the human structure. For instance, the innocent beauty of a child, will at a point in time, fade with the passage of years. Hope for romance, love, and beauty is not lost on the author. In the writer’s mind, whatever happens during the passage of time, sickness can destroy one’s beauty, we all someday be consumed by death. The author paints the impression of love as a universal language that is engages everyone, the galaxy included. The writer sets the tone to be prepared for such circumstances, but until death his lover’s beauty is intact. The Structure Lullaby has no clearly defined structure. Each stanza in the poem presents different ideas ending in diverse thought process. The meaning in each stanza is clear in relation to what the author may be thinking. The Analysis Lullaby is Auden’s expression of love in various forms, taking into consideration personal and universal love, the diverse moods of love and romance. The poem was written in the 1930s, having an engaging tone pouring over with love, with no clearly defined rhythmic structure or form. Lullaby consists of four 10 line stanzas. Stanza one addresses personal love, with theShow MoreRelatedPoem Analysis for Lullaby for Insomniacs859 Words   |  4 Pagesthe poem â€Å"Another Lullaby for Insomniacs† by A.E. Stallings, it can seem like the subject is insomnia just for the title but it has more than depth than that. In order to understand what the theme of the poem is, readers must analyze is line by line. After doing so, you should come to realize that the theme is that theirs this guy who’s broken hearted over his lover who moved because he didn’t put a ring on her finger and now he can’t sleep over it. Numerous readers don’t look inside a poem likeRead MoreEssay on Analyzing Poetry2868 Words   |  12 PagesAnalyzing Poetry It is possible to compare and contrast poetry from different literary periods by selecting a poem from each period and examining its use of structure, style, and imagery to enhance its theme. In the Elizabethan period, Lullaby, by Richard Rowlands; in the Romantic period, Samuel Taylor Coleridges Youth and Age; in the Victorian period, A Childs Laughter, by Algernon Charles Swinburne; and in the Modern period, Jessica Hagedorns Sorcery, the reader will come toRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Langston Hughes961 Words   |  4 PagesTomorrow is Coming Quick (A Literary Analysis of Langston Hughes’ Poems) The nineteenth and twentieth centuries were impressive times for the growing of several different cultures. One of the main cultures that grew through those time periods was that of the black community. Those with darker skin color were pushed to their limits and they were still able to persevere. One writer in particular truly made a influence not only on his culture but on the rest of America, too. Langston Hughes was anRead MoreWilliam Blake in Contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience1452 Words   |  6 PagesEN 222-Intro to British Lit. II April 21, 2012 William Blake in contrast of Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake, an engraver, exemplified his passion for children through his many poems. Blake lived in London most of his life and many fellow literati viewed him as eccentric. He claimed to have interactions with angels and prophets, which had a great influence on his outlook of life. Blake believed all prominent entities, those being church, state, and government had become sick withRead MoreThe Criticism Of John Crowe Ransom2127 Words   |  9 Pagesstudies should be excluded from analysis. It is true that there is a lot to gain from analyzing and paying close attention to form, literary devices and techniques that are incorporated within a poem and a certain level of knowledge of the poem can be found solely within the poem. However, limiting oneself to analyzing only what is within the poem also limits ones understanding and interpretation of the poem. Relying on extrinsic as well as intrinsic factors relating to a poem enables the critic or theRead MorePsychoanalytically An alyzing the Poetry of Sylvia Plath Essay1846 Words   |  8 Pagesnot the same as analyzing Plath; her works stand by themselves and create their own fictional world. In the poems Lady Lazarus, Daddy and Electra on Azalea Path the psychoanalytic motifs of sadomasochism, regression and oral fixation, reperesnet the desire to return to the incestuous love object. A brief introduction to psychoanalysis is necessary before we can begin to interpret Plaths poems. Art is the expression of unconscious infantile desires and the strongest of these desires is the wish toRead MoreSocial Problems Of Modern Times2262 Words   |  10 Pages Term Paper: Suicide Analysis of Ruslana Korshunova Amanda N. Martin Gallaudet University One of the largest known social problems of modern times affecting mankind one-way or another is suicide. It has become everyday news within the media reporting someone who has committed suicide for various reasons. Though every suicide has its own story, the most common reasons are related to a possible result of relationship failure, financial difficulties, and someone suffering from a mentalRead MorePhillipine Literary Periods3839 Words   |  16 PagesSongs It is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and aspirations, the peoples lifestyles as well as their loves. These are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naive a. Hele or oyayi – lullaby b. Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable per line poem that are about human relationships and social entertainment c. Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that depict the livelihood of the people d. Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) – drinking song e. Kanogan (Cebuano)Read MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pagesabout my pilgrimage as pain. HAP ANALYSIS Firstly the word hap means that which happens by chance. The poem is a sonnet, although it is presented as three stanzas in that the traditional octave is split into two stanzas each of four lines and the sestet is a stanza on its own. The rhyme scheme is every other line rhymes. The poem reflects an atheist’s philosophy of life and is told from the point of view of a young man. The major themes in the poem are faith, and suffering. The speaker

Essay on Shade Of Citizenship Race, Citizenship In Modern...

Shade of Citizenship: Race, Citizenship in Modern Politics A very vexing topic of discussion indeed when it comes to the census and its racial undertones. The census can be defined as the scientific method of collecting data as records for the government or state use for the proper control of public properties. However, what completely alters the whole process is its highly comparative analytical stance adopted which inserts in elements of difference. The census is a crucial political instrument for good governance in the proper administration and organization of data collection of the population. It functions as a tool of differentiation and recognition in its attempt of grouping and segmenting the population/citizens. Therefore,†¦show more content†¦Brazilians attest belonging to a single race (Brazilian) despite being multiracial. Differences are based on person’s skin colour. However, these colour attributes do not reduce or reject racial origins but rather relate to them. ‘Race’ therefore matters in Brazil as the US: the root of all forms of inequalities. Nobles argues that Brazilians reveal that the m ere self-recognition of a society as multiracial doesn’t render racial origins inconsequential. Shade of citizenship explores the politics of race census and citizenship as put forward in a review, drawing on the complex history of questions about race in the US and Brazilian censuses. The book is a reconstruction of the history of racial categorization from its 1st census to the 2000 census and the point drawn is that the census can be eyewash for much deeper underlying power game throughout the history of the ‘human race.’ Analyzing the mechanics of racial categorization, it is but evident that censuses resort to the elite management of racial identity and power play. The backbone of the whole intellectual position of the book is that census-taking serves the masquerade of hegemonic binary dialectics of the Eurocentrism to demonstrate the racial superiority of the whiteShow MoreRelatedGeorge Reid Andrews Afro Latin America1584 Words   |  7 Pageswoven the hi story of people who came from Africa to South America – broadly speaking. He traces their path from slavery to freedom and how this in turn left its stamp on the politics, economics and culture of this region. As individuals and as groups they pursued the path towards freedom, equality and acquirement of citizenship by being part of the military, political movements, civic bodies, unions, religious activities and in various cultural streams. The book travels through two centuries and shouldRead MoreDolores Huerta Speech1387 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigrants coming to the U.S. for a better life and how people don’t want them here. People voted for proposition 187 in 1994, in California which is (also known as the Save Our State (SOS) initiative). This ballot was to establish a state-run citizenship screening system and prohibits illegal aliens from using health care, public education and other social services in the U.S. State of California. Huerta argues Why is there a problem to help these people out?, the United States is the wealthiestRead MoreWill India Become a Superpower?11373 Words   |  46 Pagesindeed. It was pierced from the left by the Communists, and pinched from the right by the Hindu extremists. And there were other problems aplenty. Eight million refugees had to be resettled; provided with land, homes, employment, and a sense of citizenship. Five hundred princely states had to be integrated, one by one, a process that involved much massaging of egos (for the Maharajas tended to think very highly of themselves), and just a little coercion. The task of princely integration was inRead MoreRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 PagesChapter One Race Films as a Genre in American Cinema â€Å"Most people pronounced his last name ‘Mee-show,’ though some who knew him insist it was ‘Mi-shaw.’ The correct pronunciation of his name is only the beginning of the ambiguities and mysteries associated with Oscar Micheaux† Patrick Mulligan—Oscar Micheaux: The Great and Only: The Life of America s First Black Filmmaker From the very beginning of the early stages in American cinema, African Americans had a presence on the silver screen. TheRead MoreConstitutional Amendments, Bangladesh7320 Words   |  30 Pagesof the end to be pursued by the association and all its members is prescribed. Laws, as distinct from the frame of the constitution, are the rules by which the magistrates should exercise their powers, and should watch and check transgressors. In modern Europe, written constitutions came into greater use during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Constitutions such as that of the United States, created in 1787, were influenced by the ancient Greek models. During the twentieth century, an increasingRead MoreUrban Sprawl: Abu Dhabi Context7376 Words   |  30 PagesSuch an abnormal growth has had precedents in global history of destabilizing the balance between natural resources and the morphological characteristics of each region 1 . Translated into an urban context, such a destabilizing force stems from the modern-day urban monster called SPRAWL. Mankind, in the last couple of centuries engendered as well as survived the first onslaught of what has come to be known as an â€Å"Era of Urbanization† 1. „The current world population of approximately 6 billion is allRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pa gesIndividual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and StressRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesfavorite book, Grimms Fairy Tales. Her long wavy hair had very little gray in it, and in her ears she wore the small gold earrings Langstons grandfather left her. Her lips were thin, and her skin, wrinkled like an Indian squaws, was a lighter shade of brown than Langstons. Carrie Hughes worked in Topeka as a stenographer for a black attorney and as a clerk for a newspaper. Occasionally, on weekends, she would take Langston to Kansas City. His Uncle Dessalines owned a barbershop in a blackRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagespose important challenges to organization members about issues such as: †¢ The relationship between organization control and freedom. †¢ The nature of power and authority in organizations. †¢ The relationship between individualism and collectivism in modern organizations. †¢ The relationship between organizations and society. †¢ The ways in which organizations are designed. †¢ The relationship between organizations and leadership and management. †¢ The development of understanding of organization cultureRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource

Emission Trading Schemes Implementation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Emission Trading Schemes Implementation. Answer: Introduction In the contemporary era, human race is facing with global warming that has become a significant concern all over the world. The rise in the temperature in the atmosphere and oceans of the earth is due to global warming. Carbon markets and carbon credits are considered as part of the international and nation attempts to alleviate the rise in the level of greenhouse gases (GHGs). These measures aim at introducing market mechanisms to influence commercial and industry processes to adopt procedures that results in low or less carbon emissions. The industrial and commercial processes must adopt intensive approaches that are used when no expenses is incurred while emitting GHGs and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Several companies sell carbon credits to individual as well as commercial customers who intend to reduce the carbon footprints voluntarily. In regards to the emission markets, climate exchanges have been established to provide a Spot market in allowances and a Future as well as an Option Market in order to discover a market price and maintain liquidity (Urry, 2015). The carbon prices are normally estimated in Euros per tonne of carbon dioxide or its corresponding. Although other greenhouse gases can be traded but they are quoted as regular multiples of carbon dioxide in terms of their potential to cause global warming. The notion of carbon credits have emerged because of growing awareness of the need for controlling emissions. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], the policies that provide implicit or real price of carbon may develop incentives for the consumers and producers encouraging them to make significant investments in the low-GHG products, processes and technologies. Such policies may include regulation, economic instruments and government funding. The observation was made in reference to the trading permit system that has evolved as one of the policy instruments that has been proved effective in the industrial sector. The trading system shall be effective as long as there are reasonable levels of certainty regarding the long-term price and initial allocation mechanism (Seinfeld Pandis, 2016). Several forms of carbon credits are presently generated by the projects that have been undertaken by Australia and other nations across the world. Each credit represents one tonne of carbon dioxide, which is equal to (tCO2-e). The credits or permits facilitate to counterbalance the emissions against the compliance liabilities as per the Australian Government emissions reduction related legislation. It also enables to initiate carbon neutral claims or become carbon neutral certified. The organizations that intend to balance their emissions for a carbon neutral claim against the Australian Governments National Carbon Offset Standard [NCOS] may use various forms of credits. However, while making any carbon neutral claim relating to carbon credits, that particular unit must be retired or cancelled at the public registry at that time. Under the Kyoto Protocol, the quotas or caps for Greenhouse Gases that are developed for countries which is known as Assigned Amounts. The quantity of the initial assigned amount is divided into individual units, which are known as Assigned Amount Units where each of such units represents an allowance to release one metric tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent and are entered into the national registry of nations. Consecutively, the nations set their quotas on the emissions of the installations that are operated by organizations and other local businesses known as the operators. Every operator has credit allowance where every unit provides the owner with the right to release one metric tonne of carbon dioxide or other equivalent greenhouse gas. The Clean Energy Regulator issues the Australian Carbon Credit Units [ACCU] to a person by recording an entry of the unit and such record is maintained in the electronic Australian National Registry of Emissions Units. The ACCU issued corresponds to one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent to (tCO2-e) that is avoided or stored by the project. The ACCU can be issued to a person having registry account that can be opened by a person after he or she is deemed fit and proper by the ACCU to open such account. The permission of selling and purchasing allowances, an operator may adopt the most cost-effective way of alleviating emissions either by purchasing emissions from another operator who already has excess capacity or by making investments in cleaner machinery and practices. The thesis statement for this research paper is to explain the mechanism of the carbon offset market with reference to the relevant legal provisions set out in the Corporations Act 2001 and other relevant legislative provisions that ensure that the individual companies put in deliberate efforts to use more renewable energy and produce low wastes. The purpose of this research paper is to highlight the significance of carbon credits as an effective means to reduce carbon emissions leading to alleviation of the GHGs emissions. The carbon credit being a financial instrument permits its holder, which includes the energy companies, in general, to release one ton of carbon dioxide. These carbon credits are awarded to groups or countries that have successfully alleviated their respective GHGs below the emission quota of their respective nations. The carbon credits are perceived as a medium of exchange that is highly regulated and is used to counterbalance or offset the emissions of carbon dioxide. A single carbon credit is used to represent the right to emit one metric ton of carbon dioxide or mass of another GHGs that is equivalent to the emission from one metric ton of carbon dioxide. Research Questions What significant role do carbon credits play in controlling emission? What are the reasonable measures undertaken to reduce carbon dioxide emissions? How Carbon credits is complying with the legal provisions to exercise control over the carbon emission? In order to obtain information relevant to this topic, the researcher have used secondary resources which includes journals, articles, books, etc as it is less time consuming and the secondary resources are reliable and ensures certainty. The researcher has discussed about various legislative provisions that have been obtained from certain governmental sites and legal statutes that are applicable in Australia. The notion of trading permit in case of carbon dioxide emission enables a GHGs emitter country or firm purchase or sells a permit to reduce a certain amount of emissions to or from other GHGs emitter. The scope of this research paper is to comprehend the trading or scrutinizing mechanism of carbon credits using the Management information system (MIS) in reference to relevant legislations in Australia. The concept of carbon neutrality or having a net zero carbon footprint aims at obtaining net zero carbon emissions by counterbalancing a measured amount of carbon that is released with an equal amount that is balanced or purchasing sufficient carbon credits to make a difference. The concept of carbon neutral describes the actions of businesses, organizations and individuals to remove excess of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere thus, aiming to attain a zero carbon footprint. In order to manage the GHGs emissions, an emission trading system (ETS) has been developed wherein trade and Caps encourages operational excellence and motivates by providing incentives and path for using advanced and prevailing technologies. Justification of the research The issues pertaining to the rapid incline in the carbon emission is alarming and required an affect measure in place to prevent further emission. Carbon credits are an effective measure that exercises control over emission. The research paper shed some light on the efficacy of the concept of carbon credits in regulating the emission level that too, in compliance with legislative provisions. This research paper aims at discussing the concept of carbon credits and the types available in Australia under the theoretical approach. It shall also discuss about the carbon farming initiatives that has been undertaken with an objective to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The theoretical approach shall also explain the concept of MIS and the manner it is used in trading as well as in scrutinizing the carbon credits in Australia. This paper shall entail the legal perspective of trading and evaluating the carbon credits with respect to the legal provisions set out in Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and other relevant legislations. It further assesses the pros and cons of the implication of the legal provisions and its pros and cons from the perspective of various stakeholders. Theoretical approach Carbon trading is a convenience way to refer to every aspect of purchasing and selling of right to release greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide into the environment. It is like a farmer market where the farmers grow vegetables and fruits and bring them into the market to trade them with people who need to purchase food (Villoria-Saez et al., 2016). Similarly, in carbon market, large corporations that emit carbon dioxide come to the market to trade with enterprises that are engaged in reducing or eliminating carbon from the atmosphere through several activities like generating electricity using wind turbines, planting forests or reducing emission of methane from landfills, etc. This is called offsetting of carbon and forms the foundation of carbon trading. A market is formed where quantity of carbon is balanced which is also known as carbon credits that is offered for sale in metric Tonne of Carbon dioxide Equivalent [mtCO2e] and the same is undertaken for a particular project that has been approved by certain mechanism as a valid contribution to GHGs mitigation. Other purchasers who though are not obligated but they purchase the carbon offsets to reduce the effect of global warming as part of their corporate social responsibility [CSR] policy. The carbon emitting companies purports to come to the carbon market for three essential reasons: to balance the emissions voluntarily; to invest in the carbon market in anticipation of incline in the value; to balance their emissions for environmental compliance purposes; Examination of Australian Carbon credit units The regulator issues ACCUs for Greenhouse Gas Abatement activities that form a part of the Emission Reduction Fund of Australian Government. Every ACCU represents one ton of carbon dioxide, which is equal to net abatement through reduction in emission that is achieved by eligible activities (Bailey Inderberg, 2017). These eligible activities are known as eligible offsets projects and in order to consider a project as an eligible offsets project, several requirements must be satisfied. Such requirements include the following: the supporter of the project must qualify the fit and proper person test; the project must deliver abatement in addition to what could happen in the absence of the project; the project must comply with the additional requirements that are applicable; the supported of the project must report to the Regulator regarding the operation of the project and the abatement achieved and the methodology used for conducting the project must be approved; After the Emissions Reductions Fund Project has formed carbon abatement, one may apply for the ACCUs that can be sold to the Clean Energy Regulator if the applicant has carbon abatement contract. In order to establish that abatement is created by the project and to support the application for ACCUs, one must submit the project offset report. The Clean Energy Regulator shall process the crediting applications within 90 days from receipt of an accurate and complete application (Addis, 2015). After the approval of the application, ACCUs will be deposited and if the applicant has a carbon abatement contract, the same can be delivered to the Clean Energy Regulator to fulfill the contractual obligations and receive payment. In the absence of a carbon abatement contract, the ACCU may be sold on the secondary market. Stakeholders in the carbon credit trading Carbon trading may engage in small businesses, farmers and households who participates in the carbon credit projects which have been developed to generate carbon credits and compete in tenders. Such carbon credits are usually sold to the Commonwealth Governments Emission Reduction Fund. These projects usually involve a project proponent who supervises individual farmers and businesses (Zakeri et al., 2015). The supporters of such projects may develop separate projects for farmers as well as individual farmers. The CFI permits farmers and other land managers to obtain carbon credits by storing carbon or by reducing the GHGs on the land. The participants may earn carbon credits by developing a project under the methodology approved by CFI that stipulates the rules for the activity (Addis, 2015). The credits may be sold to businesses and people who intends to balance their emissions. The landholders and farmers are not obligated but may participate in the CFI voluntarily. It provides economic rewards to the landholders and the farmers who undertake measures to alleviate GHGs. The activities or which such farmers and landholders may be able to earn carbon credits include the following activities: enhancing efficiency of fertilizer use; reducing livestock emissions; storing carbon through reforestation and re-vegetation; increasing carbon in agricultural soil; These carbon-farming activities are referred to as abatement activities as they tend to reduce greenhouse gas emissions either by reducing carbon emissions and other harmful GHGs or by storing carbon in soil (Pinkse Kolk, 2017). In order to be eligible, projects must deliver additional reductions in GHGs, which is known as additionality and is a requirement of all offset schemes. The establishment of the CFI aims at preventing adverse impact on communities, water, and environment while working to disengage important Greenhouse Gas abatement opportunities all over regional Australia. The legal provisions relevant to the carbon credits trading in Australia include Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and Carbon Credits [Carbon Farming Initiative] Act 2011 and Carbon Credits [Carbon Farming Initiative] Act 2011 (CFI Regulations 2011) and the Carbon Credits [Carbon Farming Initiatives] (CFI Rule 2015). According to subdivision, 4.1A of Part 7.9 of the Corporations Regulations 2001 states, that as per part 7.9 of the Corporations Act 2001, which requires a Product Disclosure Statement to be given, does not apply to an ACCU. However, Part 19 of Schedule 10A of the Corporations Regulations 2011 amends Part 7.9 of the Corporations Act 2001 requiring the Product Disclosure Statement with respect to ACCU should direct its clients to this statement. The enactment of the Carbon Credits [Carbon farming initiative] Act 2011 legislation permits for credit trade related to Australian carbon credit units and eligible international emissions units from the Australian land-based actions that aims at storing or reducing carbon pollution after satisfying the conditions stipulated under the relevant statutes (Schuur et al., 2015). Further, since the regulator (Clean Energy Act) 2011 issues ACCUs and regulates the carbon unit, the Clean Energy (Consequential Amendments) Act 2011 was enacted to regulate the carbon units issued by the regulator. The financial products regime established by the Corporations Act 2001 and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 shall regulate the units. Amendments have been proposed to be made with respect to the Corporations Regulations 2001 to address the unique characteristics of the carbon units and avert any unwanted compliance expenses. The CFI 2011 (The Act) was enacted to governs the Carbon Farming Initiative which is a legislated offset scheme enabling the farmers and the landholders to earn carbon credits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions on the land. The laws that govern the various stakeholders like businesses, farmers and land holders have been enacted with an objective to put in deliverable efforts to reduce carbon emissions and other harmful GHGs to alleviate the impact of the GHGs on the community. In regards to the carbon farming initiative, Change (2016) states that it encourages landholders and farmers to participate voluntarily in the initiative to reduce carbon emission by undertaking eligible activities which facilitates in releasing low or less carbon emissions. The rationale for establishment of the CFI is that it would enable the farmers and the stakeholders to sell or purchase carbon credits and earn additional income by storing carbon. According to Change (2016), the advantage associated with this initiative is two-old. Firstly, carbon in soil is important as it makes the land more fertile and by storing the carbon, the farmers could sell the same in the carbon market and earn good income, thus, it forma an additional source of income. Secondly, while carbon in soil is good for the soil, but an elevated amount of carbon along with an increase in other GHGs in the atmosphere is equally harmful, as it tends to change the climate. Hence, creating projects that includes carrying out of eligible activities like reduction of carbon content in soil, enhancing effective use of fertilizers, etc will prevent emission of the GHGs on the land. An unstable, warmer climate is detrimental to the Australian agriculture and food production and given the fact that agriculture sector of Australia contributes about 18 percent to these emissions; storage of carbon shall amount to a potential contribution to the growing concern. However, Pittock (2017) argues that though this initiative is advantageous but since the participation of the framers and the landholders is voluntary, it might not attract farmers who are least concerned about the concern. If the initiative had been made obligatory, it was likely to ensure that their participation will amount to a significant contribution. Blasing (2016) further argues that even if it is a voluntary scheme but since it provides economic rewards to the stakeholders, it is likely to attract more participants as they will earn incentives. In regards to the other stakeholders like the businesses and the organizations, Urry (2015) states that the legislations governing the companies, especially the energy companies, obligates them to undertake measures that will reduce the emissions of the carbon and other harmful gases. Besides, the corporations who are not subject to compliance, also participates in purchasing carbon credits in the anticipation of future rise in the global temperature, to comply with the corporate social responsibilities. Conclusions From the above discussion, it can be inferred that abatement activities that being undertaken to reduce the carbon emission all over the world and the governments of the countries are estimating methodologies that are necessary to conduct the abatement project. Besides the methodologies, the governments are also evaluating the outcomes of such methodologies in reducing the GHGs and Carbon emissions. In order to develop several initiatives that aims at reduction in harmful emissions, nations globally are working with government agencies, industry bodies and scientists to create appropriate methodologies that are effective in achieving the GHGs emission reduction objective. In order to ensure that the carbon credits trading is performed smoothly without having any adverse impact on the community, the methodologies are scrutinized by expert committees, that are independent and impartial further reaffirming that they are based on sound science and are environment-friendly. The value of the carbon credits is dependent on its credibility within the international carbon markets as well as in the domestic markets. The regulator acts as guidance to ensure whether the projects undertaken are being conducted with an approved methodology to prevent any adverse impact on the community. References Addis, E. M. (2015). Opportunity, Challenge and Achievements of Global Carbon Trading.Carbon,8. Australian carbon credit units. (2018). Cleanenergyregulator.gov.au. Retrieved 14 April 2018, from https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/OSR/ANREU/types-of-emissions-units/australian-carbon-credit-units#1 Bailey, I., Inderberg, T. H. J. (2017). Australia: domestic politics, diffusion and emissions trading design as a technical and political project. InThe Evolution of Carbon Markets(pp. 136-156). Routledge. Blasing, T. J. (2016).Recent greenhouse gas concentrations. ESS-DIVE (Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Blasing, T. J. (2016).Recent greenhouse gas concentrations. ESS-DIVE (Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Carbon Credits [Carbon farming initiative] Act 2011 Change, C. (2016). Climate change. Clean Energy (Consequential Amendments) Act 2011 Clean Energy (Consequential Amendments) Act 2011 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Corporations Regulations 2001 (Cth) Guide to the Carbon Farming Initiative. (2012). New South Wales. Retrieved from https://alc.org.au/media/83811/Guide%20to%20the%20Carbon%20Farming%20Initiative.pdf Pinkse, J., Kolk, A. (2017). The influence of climate change regulation on corporate responses: the case of emissions trading. InCorporate Responses to Climate Change(pp. 43-57). Routledge. Pittock, A. B. (2017).Climate change: turning up the heat. Routledge. products, R. (2018). Regulating Australian carbon credit units and eligible international emissions units as financial products. Treasury.gov.au. Retrieved 14 April 2018, from https://treasury.gov.au/consultation/regulating-australian-carbon-credit-units-and-eligible-international-emissions-units-as-financial-products/ Ranson, M., Stavins, R. N. (2016). Linkage of greenhouse gas emissions trading systems: Learning from experience.Climate Policy,16(3), 284-300. Schuur, E. A. G., McGuire, A. D., Schdel, C., Grosse, G., Harden, J. W., Hayes, D. J., ... Natali, S. M. (2015). Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback.Nature,520(7546), 171-179. Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N. (2016).Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. John Wiley Sons. Urry, J. (2015). Climate change and society. InWhy the social sciences matter(pp. 45-59). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Villoria-Saez, P., Tam, V. W., del Ro Merino, M., Arrebola, C. V., Wang, X. (2016). Effectiveness of greenhouse-gas Emission Trading Schemes implementation: a review on legislations.Journal of cleaner production,127, 49-58. Zakeri, A., Dehghanian, F., Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. (2015). Carbon pricing versus emissions trading: A supply chain planning perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,164, 197-205. Zakeri, A., Dehghanian, F., Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. (2015). Carbon pricing versus emissions trading: A supply chain planning perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,164, 197-205.